查看完整版本: 大开眼界！从2G到5G 基站天线这样变[38P]

大开眼界！从2G到5G 基站天线这样变[38P]

在蜂窝移动通信系统中，天线是电路信号与空间辐射电磁波的转换器，是移动通信系统的末梢关键组成部分。

从2G到4G，移动基站天线经历了全向天线、定向单极化天线、定向双极化天线、电调单极化天线、电调双极化天线、双频电调双极化到多频双极化天线，以及MIMO天线、有源天线等过程。

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/5fc7e420-ef40-4702-99b2-9978d4624716.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/ec3acd22-acb4-49ae-b6af-510dc5daa829.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/6cc4e4e2-c95d-40dd-ac0a-5d82b8096e8b.jpg[/img]

而随着4G和5G时代的到来，BBU和RRH分离，Massive MIMO技术的引入，总的来说，基站天线的发展出现了三个趋势：

1）无源天线向有源天线发展

2）光纤替代馈线

3）RRH和天线部分集成

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S586e913c-9f01-4ed5-8a32-ce94fc928bcd.jpg[/img]

从另一个视角看，阵列天线、多频段天线、多波束天线构成了基站天线发展的“魔术三角”。

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S8792112f-dc96-4766-8743-9e0beb908c34.jpg[/img]

Massive MIMO

基站端装备大规模天线阵列，利用多根天线形成的空间自由度及有效的多径分量，提高系统的频谱利用效率。

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S85ceb14c-14ea-4ac1-a670-359a1a255e78.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/02628b06-103b-4f00-873d-50ed2c49e262.jpg[/img]

多波束天线

多波束天线采用多波束使扇区分裂，从而增大容量。

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/3ecde339-d3e4-49c8-9015-2f420b452012.jpg[/img]

2G到4G基站天线发展

2G/3G时代，天线多为2端口。

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S93e2ed42-28c1-4219-80c4-551998254400.jpg[/img]

▲GSM天线

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/da9c43a5-7a0f-4531-955c-76a27c6b06f6.jpg[/img]

▲CDMA天线

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/Sc9644c47-bb74-4581-8224-b88cfb7c2a06.jpg[/img]

▲LTE-FDD 独立2端口天线（2T2R）

到了4G时代，随着MIMO技术、多频段天线的大量使用，我们看到，铁塔上天线就像是长出了大胡子。

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S7593dc9d-6c71-43ab-8b69-eebc2cd93101.jpg[/img]

▲LTE-FDD 独立4端口天线（2T4R）

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S9e930bfa-8f0e-4225-a3ff-a2bbb1ff4d64.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/93b4310a-9827-4fa8-a4ef-6450b85032b6.jpg[/img]

▲CDMA（1T2R）/LTE-FDD（2T4R） 6端口双频天线

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S58e935be-be24-43c1-a29f-176ef12cb1eb.jpg[/img]

▲LTE-TDD 8T8R 8端口天线

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S0292daea-51cc-488c-bfda-1f2601634b09.jpg[/img]

再加上铁塔上的RRU，铁塔上的场面就相当壮观…

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/Sa130659c-e369-48b9-88e6-6b5a9af58f85.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S79dc5106-e249-423e-aa41-1f280c2e4ede.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S6d51b6c4-a66b-44b5-9e33-a28057277788.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S310dc831-7dfe-403f-ba42-893a78153867.jpg[/img]

未来的基站天线可能是什么样子？

这是日本街头的TD-LTE 3.5G基站天线...

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S4488feb1-4acd-4646-8257-9ce9c9dc70b8.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/Sc20d0f5a-fceb-45a7-b7f7-0b347cdc664e.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S37bafb3a-4ee9-4a36-82a8-d7e082e089dd.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S7cc11340-a624-4122-a3c9-501ec51828e7.jpg[/img]

华为Massive MIMO天线

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S732b9b62-ba63-4f7d-947c-b9d420c273ea.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/Sead3ed7c-3632-4cb0-b20a-326853e6dd03.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S79622a8f-c75d-48e2-9397-a22432d4c719.jpg[/img]

中兴Massive MIMO天线

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/Se46365ae-59b1-4092-9a35-1899dbdacf66.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S89da8c97-7811-458e-8ca9-1d96478566d2.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S6ce9e635-5f3e-46c0-8483-255149e36564.jpg[/img]

爱立信15GHz天线装备

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/b37fc560-ac57-4eb8-94fd-5492623c53bc.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/3286cec4-77f9-42e3-b5eb-39f573bd936d.jpg[/img]

NEC 支持28GHz有源天线系统

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/cfaeb077-6f39-4895-a0d5-9dea830e2e7c.jpg[/img]

随着C-RAN网络结构的演进，RRU拉远，将会出现各种隐性天线...

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S4fce912c-00e2-4d13-b263-79619d1c9205.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/6c697f5f-c76a-4af2-8a13-6cc17a8263aa.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/39fc1848-4df2-4953-8dfd-db14fe1ff884.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/7887b598-18f7-438d-83b0-f1f97b652d4f.jpg[/img]

另外，随着车联网和工业4.0的到来，各种车载天线和近场天线兴起...

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/Sf53ede82-28ea-4a77-accf-cc27dbdf92a0.jpg[/img]

[img]http://img1.mydrivers.com/img/20161130/S8ca58013-3b99-4211-87c6-8f1c53b4462e.jpg[/img]

发这个的肯定是专业人士，对我们来说不管他天线怎么搭，好用就好了

辐射率会不会随着信号的增强而增加呢？对人们又会造成怎样的影响

国内厂商好久之前就开始在用相控阵的天线阵列做基站天线

[quote]原帖由 [i]ghostklaus[/i] 于 2016-12-1 11:42 发表 [url=http://67.220.90.4/forum/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=125553867&ptid=6939517][img]http://67.220.90.4/forum/images/common/back.gif[/img][/url]
辐射率会不会随着信号的增强而增加呢？对人们又会造成怎样的影响 [/quote]

所谓的辐射就是为了骗钱和讹钱，谢谢

*** 作者被禁止或删除 内容自动屏蔽 ***

好不容易才普及4G，现在又开始推广5G，不知道又需要多少时间才能实现。

太专业了，我只关心信号好不好，上网流畅不:teeth

4g基站才做完不久 三大通信公司现在又会做5g基站吗？